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Need-to-Know Grammar

In order to improve your writing skills, there are certain elements of grammar that you must know. Following is a list of some of the basics.

Sentence fragments are just what they sound like—parts of sentences or incomplete sentences. They may be missing a subject or a verb, or they may not express a complete thought.

Complete sentences have subjects and verbs and express a complete thought.

Run-on sentences are just what they sound like—a series of clauses and/or phrases that continue on and on without the proper connecting words and without the proper punctuation.

The subject is the person or thing performing the action in the sentence.

The verb is the action being performed.

A phrase is a series of words without a subject or a verb; therefore, phrases are always sentence fragments unless they are part of a longer sentence.
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left_menu-quickref Quick Reference Grammar Guides & Literature Guides
A clause consists of a subject and a verb. Clauses could be called very simple sentences, but since a clause does not always express a complete thought, it is often a sentence fragment even though it contains a subject and a verb.

Independent clauses can stand alone as sentences and make perfect sense even if other clauses are removed.

Dependent clauses rely on independent clauses in order to make sense. Alone, they do not represent a complete thought, even though they contain subjects and verbs.

A noun clause is a clause that acts as a noun (a person, place, thing, or idea) in a sentence. Since it acts as a noun, it can sometimes act as the subject of a sentence.

Conjunctions are words that connect other words or groups of words to each other.


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